Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools

TLDR

SAMtools and BCFtools are widely used, open‑source tools for processing and analysing high‑throughput sequencing data, providing file format conversion, sorting, querying, statistics, variant calling, and effect analysis, and are integrated into numerous genomic pipelines. Since their first release 12 years ago, the packages have been continuously developed, adding many new features, and have been installed over one million times via Bioconda.

Abstract

Abstract Background SAMtools and BCFtools are widely used programs for processing and analysing high-throughput sequencing data. They include tools for file format conversion and manipulation, sorting, querying, statistics, variant calling, and effect analysis amongst other methods. Findings The first version appeared online 12 years ago and has been maintained and further developed ever since, with many new features and improvements added over the years. The SAMtools and BCFtools packages represent a unique collection of tools that have been used in numerous other software projects and countless genomic pipelines. Conclusion Both SAMtools and BCFtools are freely available on GitHub under the permissive MIT licence, free for both non-commercial and commercial use. Both packages have been installed >1 million times via Bioconda. The source code and documentation are available from https://www.htslib.org.