Multi-element analysis of minerals using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry and geochemical data visualization using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding: case study on emeralds

Abstract

A concept of “<italic>first measure, then determine</italic>” which elements are of interest is introduced for multi-element analysis using LA-ICP-TOF-MS. Geochemical data visualization using t-SNE is advantageous over PCA for determining the provenances of emerald.