X-ray emitting MHD accretion shocks in classical T Tauri stars

Abstract

<i>Context. <i/>Plasma accreting onto classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) is believed to impact the stellar surface at free-fall velocities, generating a shock. Current time-dependent models describing accretion shocks in CTTSs are one-dimensional, assuming that the plasma moves and transports energy only along magnetic field lines ().<i>Aims. <i/>We investigate the stability and dynamics of accretion shocks in CTTSs, considering the case of in the post-shock region. In these cases the 1D approximation is not valid and a multi-dimensional MHD approach is necessary.<i>Methods. <i/>We model an accretion stream propagating through the atmosphere of a CTTS and impacting onto its chromosphere by performing 2D axisymmetric MHD simulations. The model takes into account the stellar magnetic field, the gravity, the radiative cooling, and the thermal conduction (including the effects of heat flux saturation).<i>Results. <i/>The dynamics and stability of the accretion shock strongly depend on the plasma <i>β<i/>. In the case of shocks with , violent outflows of shock-heated material (and possibly MHD waves) are generated at the base of the accretion column and intensely perturb the surrounding stellar atmosphere and the accretion column itself (therefore modifying the dynamics of the shock). In shocks with , the post-shock region is efficiently confined by the magnetic field. The shock oscillations induced by cooling instability are strongly influenced by <i>β<i/>: for , the oscillations may be rapidly dumped by the magnetic field, approaching a quasi-stationary state, or may be chaotic with no obvious periodicity due to perturbation of the stream induced by the post-shock plasma itself; for the oscillations are quasi-periodic, although their amplitude is smaller and the frequency higher than those predicted by 1D models.