Friend or Foe? Understanding Assembly Workers’ Acceptance of Human-robot Collaboration

TLDR

Rising productivity and flexibility demands are transforming assembly processes, making human‑robot collaboration increasingly popular, but its success hinges on worker acceptance. The study aims to investigate how assembly workers perceive human‑robot collaboration. Using a Grounded Theory approach, interviews with 17 workers from four manufacturing firms were analyzed to identify acceptance‑influencing factors. Workers view HRC as either a threat or an opportunity, with perceptions shaped by robot‑related, individual, and organizational factors, and the study outlines implications for researchers and industry.

Abstract

Due to rising demands on productivity and flexibility, assembly processes are currently experiencing a substantial transformation. Workstations where humans and robots work closely together are becoming increasingly popular, as they provide major advantages compared to manual assembly and full automation. Yet, human-robot collaboration (HRC) can only be successful if the workforce is willing to accept it. How assembly workers perceive HRC still has to be properly investigated. An exploratory investigation using a Grounded Theory approach was conducted to identify factors that are likely to influence workers’ acceptance of introducing HRC at work. Seventeen workers with various levels of HRC experience from four different manufacturing companies were interviewed. Findings reveal that some workers perceive HRC as a threat, while others regard it as an opportunity. This perception seems to depend both on their thoughts and feelings about the technology, i.e., collaborative robots, and the organizational change associated with the introduction of this technology. Several factors related to the robot (object-related factors), the individual background of the workers (subject-related factors), and the organizational environment (context-related factors) are found to influence workers’ thoughts and feelings. Implications for researchers and manufacturing companies are outlined.