[Retracted] Overexpression of 14‐3‐3σ Modulates Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Survival by PI3K/Akt Signaling

Abstract

The protein 14‐3‐3 σ is involved in numerous cellular processes through its ability to bind phosphorylated serine/threonine residues. It is a key regulator of the cell cycle involving in G2 arrest by p53. Deregulation of 14‐3‐3 σ expression has been associated with a large variety of human cancers. However, its physiological function and therapeutic significance have rarely been investigated in cholangiocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we evaluated 14‐3‐3 σ expression in 65 human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. As a result, we found that 14‐3‐3 σ is expressed in the tissue of 56 patients (86.2%), and its expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage. We also explored the significance of 14‐3‐3 σ and found that 14‐3‐3 σ exerts cell type‐dependent effects on cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt signaling in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. These results suggest that 14‐3‐3 σ assumes a constitutive role in tumorigenesis rather than acting as a cell cycle regulator in cholangiocarcinoma, which makes 14‐3‐3 σ a new potential target for therapeutic intervention.