Parkinson's Disease Detection from Spiral and Wave Drawings using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Multistage Classifier Approach

Abstract

Identification of the correct biomarkers with respect to particular health issues and detection of the same is of paramount importance for the development of clinical decision support systems. For the patients suffering from Parkinson's Disease (PD), it has been duly observed that impairment in the handwriting is directly proportional to the severity of the disease. Also, the speed and pressure applied to the pen while sketching or writing something are also much lower in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Therefore, correctly identifying such biomarkers accurately and precisely at the onset of the disease will lead to a better clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, a system design is proposed for analyzing Spiral drawing patterns and wave drawing patterns in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and healthy subjects. The system developed in the study leverages two different convolutional neural networks (CNN), for analyzing the drawing patters of both spiral and wave sketches respectively. Further, the prediction probabilities are trained on a metal classifier based on ensemble voting to provide a weighted prediction from both the spiral and wave sketch. The complete model was trained on the data of 55 patients and has achieved an overall accuracy of 93.3%, average recall of 94 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> , average precision of 93.5% and average f1 score of 93.94%.