Essential oil loaded pectin/chitosan nanoparticles preparation and optimization <i>via</i> Box–Behnken design against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

In the continuous search for effective cancer treatments, we here report a novel anticancer nanoparticulate system composed of jasmine oil (JO), an essential oil with proven anticancer activity and pectin/chitosan composite nanoparticles (Pec/CS NPs) as encapsulating materials to overcome JO's solubility and sensitivity problems using a green ionotropic gelation method. Pec/CS/JO NPs were formulated using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to estimate the interactions and effects of studied formulation variables on particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency to develop an optimized Pec/CS nanoformulation. The nano-encapsulation system preserved the consistency of total phenolic contents in JO and amended its thermal stability by 1.64 fold. The antioxidant potency of JO was enhanced after encapsulation by 96.28%. Consequently, the cytotoxic activity of bare Pec/CS NPs, pure JO and encapsulated JO in Pec/CS NPs against (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and (L-929) normal cells was evaluated using MTT assay. Encapsulated JO was more potent than pure JO with ≈13 fold improvement in anticancer activity, whereas the cell viability of normal cells wasn't affected but was rather enhanced when treated with Pec/CS NPs.