Dicoma anomala (Sond.) abates glycation and DPP-IV activity and modulates glucose utilization in Chang liver cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Abstract

Dicoma anomala (Sond.) is known for its folkloric application in the treatment diabetes, but with few scientific evidences. This study reported the antidiabetic potential and possible mode of actions of this plant. The phenolic content; α-glucosidase, DPP-IV and glycation inhibitory activities and glucose utilization and adipocyte differentiation modulatory activities of D. anomala root extracts (hexane, DCM, DCM:MeOH 50:50 and MeOH) were determined. The DCM:MeOH extract had the highest phenolic content. Same extract exhibited the most potent DPP-IV (IC50 = 164.96 μg/mL) and glycation (70.3% at 5 μg/mL) inhibitory effects. The DCM:MeOH and MeOH extracts showed the most potent modulatory effects on glucose utilization, while the DCM:MeOH showed the most potent adipocyte differentiation (AD50; extract concentration causing 50% adipocyte differentiation = 68.55 μg/mL) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The glucose utilization modulatory effect of the DCM:MeOH extract in Chang liver cells was comparable to that of metformin. Lupeol and quercetin were the main bioactive compounds was identified in DCM:MeOH and MeOH. The DCM:MeOH extract was non-cytotoxic at effective concentrations. D. anomala root extract may exert glycemic control by inhibiting DPP-IV activity and glycation process and modulating glucose uptake.