Packaged Negative Axicon Optical Fiber Probe and Bessel Beam Interferometry for Refractive Index Measurement of Hazardous Liquid Samples

Abstract

In this article, we demonstrate the packaging of an optical fiber negative axicon probe generating Bessel beam and its application in the measurement of refractive index (RI) of hazardous liquids. The negative axicon probe is placed inside cascaded capillary tube capped with a glass coverslip of RI ~1.52 and thickness ~0.15 mm. The packaged probe, connected to a broadband source through an optical circulator, is dipped in different hazardous liquid samples. The reflected light from the air-glass as well as the glass-liquid interface couples to the negative axicon probe and interferes with the reference beam generated at the air-negative axicon interface. The interference spectra recorded in a spectrometer through the circulator are analyzed applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT helps to separate and measure powers reflected from the different interfaces which are used to solve the Fresnel equation for estimating the RI of hazardous liquid samples, such as HCl, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> solutions. The resolution achieved is 1*10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> ± 0.0005. The probe can be useful to measure RI of liquid samples remotely and in hazardous environmental condition.