Science · 2019 · 112 citations · 42 references
Life SciencesHematologyImmunologyImmunopathologyInflammationInnate ImmunityAutoimmune DiseasesInflammation In Infectious DiseaseInflammatory SignalingMacrophage BiologyPhagocyte BiologyToll-like ReceptorsAnemia PathogenesisEndosomal Toll-like ReceptorsMonocyte BiologyToll-like Receptor LigandsToll-like Receptor SignalingToll-like Receptor Signaling CascadesToll-like Receptors In AutoimmunityToll-like Receptors In Inflammation
Unmasking an agent of inflammatory anemia Infectious and autoimmune diseases are associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia. A severe form of inflammatory cytopenia called macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) may occur during rheumatological disorders and viral infections. Akilesh et al. show that monocyte recognition of self- or pathogen-derived nucleic acids via Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 (TLR7 and TLR9) drives MAS-like disease in mice. TLR7 or TLR9 signaling in monocytes causes these cells to differentiate into inflammatory hematophagocytes (iHPCs), which are similar to but distinct from red pulp macrophages. Preventing iHPC differentiation by depleting monocytes relieves MAS-like symptoms. When mice were subjected to a model of malarial anemia, MyD88- and endosomal TLR-dependent iHPC differentiation also occurred. Thus, iHPCs may play a role in both MAS-driven and malarial anemia, as well as thrombocytopenia. Science , this issue p. eaao5213
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HTSeq—a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data
Simon Anders, Paul Theodor Pyl, Wolfgang Huber · Bioinformatics · 2014 · 22.7K citations · Full text