A comparative study of toxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles to human aortic smooth-muscle cells

Abstract

Our data indicated that ZnO NPs were more cytotoxic to human aortic SMCs than TiO₂ and Ag NPs at the same mass concentrations, which might have been associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species, Zn ions, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.