Fast Frequency Control Services in Europe

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to review the fast-acting frequency control ancillary services that are currently being implemented or in the development phase in the European power systems. Not only the technical definition of the services will be here explained but also the way in which the services are remunerated. The performance of a flywheel/battery hybrid energy storage plant that has been used as demonstration project to test the capability of both storage technologies to provide fast acting frequency response are summarized in the paper.