Diagnosis, assessment and management of constipation in advanced cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines

Abstract

Constipation is a common problem in patients with advanced cancer and a significant source of major morbidity and distress, which is often under-appreciated [1]. Constipation is subjectively experienced by the patient and diagnostic criteria do not always clearly express the diversity of factors, which may lead to constipation as a clinical problem [2]. Widespread use of opioid analgesics for cancer pain poses specific challenges for patients [3]. Despite its clinical impact, constipation is both poorly recognised and poorly treated.