Acute high-intensity exercise test in soccer athletes affects salivary biochemical markers

Abstract

Saliva has been reported as a potential biological fluid for biochemical monitoring. This study investigated salivary markers of exercise intensity, oral mucosal immunity, and redox homeostasis in soccer athletes subjected to an acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol characterised by a repeated sprint ability test. Thirty-two professional soccer athletes were recruited and saliva aliquots were collected at rest and immediately after HIIE protocol. When compared with pre-test values we observed that HIIE protocol induced moderate changes for total protein (p = .015; effect size (ES) = 0.51; smallest worthwhile change (SWC)factor = 5.7) and for cortisol levels (p < .0001; ES = 0.49; SWCfactor = 3.9). Lactate levels showed very large changes (p < .000; ES = 1.35; SWCfactor = 10.8), while Ig-A alterations were considered unclear. Besides, transferrin changes were trivial and maintained its levels at rest and after HIIE below the proposed threshold of 0.5 mg/dL. Regarding redox homeostasis we observed unclear effects for TBARs, MDA, GSH, GSSG, CAT, and SOD while uric acid showed large decreases (p = .005; ES = 0.80; SWCfactor = −5.4). HIIE protocol as a physical test conducted in soccer athletes increased salivary concentration of exercise intensity markers, such as lactate, total protein, and cortisol, but did not affect Ig-A levels. Redox homeostasis in saliva seems to be more related with uric acid levels as a possible key factor TBARs homeostasis.