Observation of Spin-Valley-Coupling-Induced Large Spin-Lifetime Anisotropy in Bilayer Graphene

Abstract

We report the first observation of a large spin-lifetime anisotropy in bilayer graphene (BLG) fully encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride. We characterize the out-of-plane (τ_{⊥}) and in-plane (τ_{∥}) spin lifetimes by oblique Hanle spin precession. At 75 K and the charge neutrality point (CNP), we observe a strong anisotropy of τ_{⊥}/τ_{∥}=8±2. This value is comparable to graphene-transition-metal-dichalcogenide heterostructures, whereas our high-quality BLG provides with τ_{⊥} up to 9 ns, a spin lifetime more than 2 orders of magnitude larger. The anisotropy decreases to 3.5±1 at a carrier density of n=6×10^{11} cm^{-2}. Temperature-dependent measurements show above 75 K a decrease of τ_{⊥}/τ_{∥} with increasing temperature, reaching the isotropic case close to room temperature. We explain our findings with electric-field-induced spin-valley coupling arising from the small intrinsic spin-orbit fields in BLG of 12 μeV at the CNP.