Spin-charge conversion is the physical phenomenon involving the interconversion between spin current or polarization and charge current or voltage. This concept defines a fundamental research area in condensed matter physics and materials science dedicated to investigating the mechanisms and material properties, often mediated by spin-orbit coupling and interfacial effects, that enable this dynamic exchange between spin and charge degrees of freedom. Its significance lies in providing essential pathways for the electrical generation and detection of spin information, which is critical for the advancement of spintronic devices.