Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · 2018 · 29 citations · 31 references
The hypothesis of this study is that fisetin and phase II conjugated forms of fisetin may partly undergo biliary excretion. To investigate this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment, and their bile ducts were cannulated with polyethylene tubes for bile sampling. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the average area-under-the-curve (AUC) ratios ( k (%) = AUC<sub>conjugate</sub>/AUC<sub>free-form</sub>) of fisetin, its glucuronides, and its sulfates were 1:6:21 in plasma and 1:4:75 in bile, respectively. Particularly, the sulfated metabolites were the main forms that underwent biliary excretion. The biliary excretion rate ( k<sub>BE</sub> (%) = AUC<sub>bile</sub>/AUC<sub>plasma</sub>) indicates the amount of fisetin eliminated by biliary excretion. The biliary excretion rates of fisetin, its glucuronide conjugates, and its sulfate conjugates were approximately 144, 109, and 823%, respectively, after fisetin administration (30 mg/kg, iv). Furthermore, biliary excretion of fisetin is mediated by P-glycoprotein.
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Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms
Richard N. Bennett, Roger M. Wallsgrove · New Phytologist · 1994 · 1.6K citations
Nicolás Fabre, Isabelle Rustan, Edmond de Hoffmann et al. · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2001 · 836 citations · Full text
Flavanone Aglycones, Biochemistry, Representative Flavone +11