Class effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in mouse cardiomyocytes and hearts: inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger, lowering of cytosolic Na+ and vasodilation

Abstract

EMPA, DAPA and CANA directly inhibit cardiac NHE flux and reduce [Na⁺]_c, possibly by binding with the Na⁺-binding site of NHE-1. Furthermore, EMPA and CANA affect the healthy heart by inducing vasodilation. The [Na⁺]_c-lowering class effect of SGLT2i is a potential approach to combat elevated [Na⁺]_c that is known to occur in heart failure and diabetes.