Effects of Nanochitin on the Enhancement of the Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of different rates of nanochitin in soil on the grain yield and quality of winter wheat. Nanochitin obtained by acidic hydrolysis of shrimp chitin was a rod-like whisker possessing a hydrodynamic diameter of 143 nm and ζ potential of 55.7 mV. Two varieties of winter wheat, multi-spike wheat (MSW) and large spike wheat (LSW), were treated with the nanochitin suspension in outside pot experiments. The results showed that 0.006 g kg^-1 of nanochitin in soil could significantly enhance the yield by 23.0% for MSW and 33.4% for LSW, with significant increases of net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentrations, and transpiration rate in flag leaf at the grain filling stage. Grain protein, iron, and zinc contents in wheat treated with nanochitin were also increased by 5.0, 10.3, and 22.1% for MSW and 33.4, 32.0, and 27.0% for LSW, respectively. This indicated that utilization of nanochitin has a great potential in future agriculture sustainability and crop production.