Hydroponics: potential for augmenting sustainable food production in non-arable regions

TLDR

Population growth is driving increased food demand, yet evidence‑based research on hydroponics remains limited. This review aims to lay a foundation for future research on hydroponics as a sustainable food production strategy in arid and urban regions. The authors synthesize up‑to‑date evidence‑based literature on hydroponic systems, covering advantages, limitations, nutrition, and sensory quality. Hydroponic systems can augment soil‑based agriculture by reducing water waste through recirculation, enabling controlled environments to manage pests and nutrients, and maximizing yield in limited space such as vertical gardens.

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this review of the literature is to provide readers a foundation of understanding whereby future research can move forward in the quest for global sustainable food production. Design/methodology/approach This review includes up-to-date information from evidence-based sources on hydroponics. Topics included are advantages, limitations, nutritional quality and sensory quality Findings Hydroponic growing systems offer the opportunity to at least augment traditional soil-based growing systems in global food production. Some benefits of hydroponic growing systems are limitation of water waste (recirculation), crops grown in controlled environments (control of pests, nutrients and attributes required for optimal plant growth) and ability to manipulate conditions to maximize production in limited space (vertical gardens). Practical implications The human population is increasing with a parallel increase in the demand for food; therefore, food production must increase to meet the need. Originality/value In spite of the rapid interest and proliferation of information by laypeople, evidence-based research is scant on hydroponics. This article provides a summary of the literature on hydroponics and how it may be used for sustainable food production in arid and urban areas.