Agri-food systems is a comprehensive research concept and analytical framework that examines the complex network of activities, actors, and outcomes involved in the production, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal of food. As a field, it investigates the intricate interconnections between agricultural practices, market dynamics, consumer behaviour, and the environmental, social, economic, and health impacts across multiple scales, emphasizing a systemic, multi-disciplinary perspective crucial for addressing global challenges such as food security, sustainability, and public health.