Changing patterns of Hodgkin's disease at autopsy: a 25-year experience at the National Cancer Institute, 1953--1978.

Abstract

The pathologic findings at autopsy in 124 patients with an initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) were evaluated to assess the effects of treatment on the anatomic extent and histologic appearance of residual HD. Further, the effects of duration of disease, vascular invasion, and histologic subtype at diagnosis on sites of involvement were considered. The 124 autopsied cases came from a cohort of 345 patients admitted for treatment at the National Cancer Institute between 1953 and 1969, with followup extended to 1978. The pathologic review included extensive organ sampling; greater than 12,000 slides were reviewed. The study period spans 25 years, ranging from a period of palliative therapy (81 cases, pre-1965) to the modern curative treatment era (43 cases, 1965 or later). A distinct reduction in the extent of disease at autopsy was noted in the group treated with curative intent. Reduced involvement was the rule for most, but not all, organ sites, with the reduction greater for certain histologic types. Some organs had a comparable incidence of involvement with early and late deaths. Histologic assessment identified an atypical monomorphic form of residual HD (treatment-altered HD) in patients from both treatment eras but most consistently in the post-1965 group. Vascular invasion occurred in 43% of cases. The incidence of extranodal involvement was considerably higher in patients with vascular invasion, indicating that vascular spread is a factor in extranodal spread and in lethal cases of HD.