Unraveling the Dynamic Nature of a CuO/CeO₂ Catalyst for CO Oxidation in <i>Operando</i>: A Combined Study of XANES (Fluorescence) and DRIFTS

Abstract

The redox chemistry and CO oxidation (2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 ) activity of catalysts generated by the dispersion of CuO on CeO 2 nanorods were investigated using a multitechnique approach. Combined measurements of time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) in one setup were made possible with the development of a novel reaction cell in which fluorescence mode detection was applied to collect the XANES spectra. This is the first reported example using XANES in a similar technique combination. With the assistance of parallel time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements under operando conditions, we successfully probed the redox behavior of CuO/CeO 2 under CO reduction, constant-flow (steady-state) CO oxidation and during CO/O 2 cycling reactions. A strong copper ↔ ceria synergistic effect was observed in the CuO/CeO 2 catalyst. Surface Cu(I) species were found to exhibit a strong correlation with the catalyst activity for the CO oxidation reaction. By analysis of phase transformations as well as changes in oxidation state during the nonsteady states in the CO/O 2 cycling reaction, we collected information on the relative transformation rates of key species. Elementary steps in the mechanism for the CO oxidation reaction are proposed based on the understandings gained from the XANES/DRIFTS operando studies.