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UNIVERSALITY OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: A MULTI-NATION STUDY.
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2001
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CultureTransformational LeadershipOrganizational CommunicationEmpirical Cross-cultural StudyCross-cultural ManagementManagementBusinessEducationComparative ManagementHuman Resource ManagementLeadership DevelopmentCharismatic LeadershipLeadershipOrganizational BehaviorCharismatic Leadership ModelMulti-nation Study
This empirical cross-cultural study investigates the universality of charismatic leadership. First, three levels of universality were defined and operationalized. Then a charismatic leadership model was developed and tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis against the criteria for the three categories of universality. Using GLOBE data from over 2300 middle managers in eight diverse countries, it was discovered that a culture-free charismatic leadership profile does exist. It is comprised of the constructs of visionary, motivational, and proactive. It was also determined that these attributes were highly effective across all cultures and organizations. The conventional reasons for the universality of charismatic leadership are discussed and an alternative explanation is provided.