Sensitive on-chip methane detection with a cryptophane-A cladded Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Abstract

We report a methane sensor based on an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is cladded by a styrene-acrylonitrile film incorporating cryptophane-A. Cryptophane-A is a supramolecular compound able to selectively trap methane, and its presence in the cladding leads to a 17-fold sensitivity enhancement. Our approach, based on 3 cm-long low-loss Si₃N₄ rib waveguides, results in a detection limit as low as 17 ppm. This is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than typically achieved with chip-scale low-cost sensors.