Interleukin-4 Is Essential for Microglia/Macrophage M2 Polarization and Long-Term Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia

Abstract

The cytokine IL-4 improves long-term neurological outcomes after stroke, perhaps through M2 phenotype induction in microglia/macrophages. These results are the first to suggest that immunomodulation with IL-4 is a promising approach to promote long-term functional recovery after stroke.