Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic Action of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Its Effect on DNA Damage, Chromosome Aberrations and Sperm Abnormalities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

2 Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic action of an extract of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus and its effect on potential DNA damage, chromosome aberrations and sperm abnormalities in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats. Five groups of adult male albino rats (five animals each) were used in this study. The first group consisted of normal animals (control), the second group was of diabetic (hyperglycemic) animals, the third, fourth and fifth groups included hyperglycemic animals that orally treated with amaryl (AM) (0.03 mg/kg.b.wt/dl), low (Mush ) (100 mg/kg.b.wt/dl) and high (Mush ) 1 2 (200 mg/kg.b.wt/dl) levels of mashroom extract, respectively, for 30 days. The treatment with AM (as a standard treatment) was used for comparison with mushroom treatments. The results revealed a significant increases of each of blood glucose level (BGL), genetic changes (DNA fragmentation, deletion or disappear of some base pairs of DNA according to ISSR-PCR analysis and chromosome aberrations) and sperm abnormalities in hyperglycemic animals compared to normal animals. On the other hand, the treated hyperglycemic animals with AM, Mush and Mush had significant (P<0.05) decreases of BGL, genetic alterations and sperm abnormalities 1 2 than untreated hyperglycemic animals. The AM group had the lowest level of BGL when comparing with mushroom groups (Mush or Mush ) and there were significant (P<0.05) differences between the AM an d 1 2 mushroom treatments. However, the result showed that the rates of DNA fragmentation were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in mushroom groups than those observed in AM group. Also, ISSR-PCR analysis showed (especially by using primer HB-14) that some fragments of base pairs of DNA which disappeared in diabetic animals or in AM group have been existed in mushroom groups. Furthermore, the diabetic animals treated with mushroom extract (low or high level) had significant (P<0.05) decreases of most frequencies of each of chromosome aberrations and sperm abnormalities compared to AM group. Moreover, the results showed that the treatment with high level of (Mush ) was better than the treatment with low level of (Mush ) of mushroom 2 1 extract for reduction of each of BGL, genetic alterations and sperm abnormalities in hyperglycemic animals. In conclusion, the present study showed that the treatment with mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus extract (especially high level) could reduce the high blood glucose level in hyperglycemic rats but less than amaryl treatment. However, the mushroom treatment were more effective for decreasing the genetic alterations and sperm abnormalities in diabetes conditions than amaryl treatment.