Superior–subordinate communication: The state of the art.

TLDR

Status hierarchy is inherent in purposeful organizations, and the interaction between superiors and subordinates has long been studied, yet empirical research on superior‑subordinate communication remains fragmented and lacks coherent organization. The article aims to clarify the field by reviewing, classifying, and interpreting superior‑subordinate communication research and outlining future research directions. The authors conduct a systematic review of empirical studies, classifying them into nine topical categories within organizational communication and avoiding generalizations from outside the domain. The review finds that most studies examine power/status effects, trust moderation, and semantic distance, and recommends future research to be developmental, longitudinal, and attentive to situational variables. Reference 18.

Abstract

Based on a review of the literature, empirical research in the area of superiorsubordinate communication is classified into nine topical categories and critically examined. Inspection of this literature suggests that researchers have focused the majority of their attention on studying (a) the effects of power and status on superior-subo rdinate communication, (b) trust as a moderator of superior-subo rdinate communication, and (c) semantic-information distance as a source of misunderstand ing in superior-subo rdinate communication. It is concluded that future research should increasingly be developmental and longitudinal in nature and should take into greater consideration the effects situational variables have on communication in the superior-subordinate dyad. Status hierarchy is inherent in the nature of purposeful organizations. As Redding (1972) observes, within organizations are 'superiors' and 'subordinates'—even though these terms may not be expressly used, and even though there may exist fluid arrangements whereby superior and subordinates roles may be reversible (p. 18). How superiors and subordinates interact and communicate to achieve both personal and organizational goals has been an object of investigation by social scientists for most of the 20th century. Empirical research examining superior-subordinate communication is diverse, is strewn across a multitude of disciplines, lacks coherent organization and classification, and in general, has not received sufficient review and interpretation as a body of literature. The present article attempts to alleviate this confusion by reviewing, classifying, interpreting, and providing directions for future research in the area of organizational communication that is loosely termed superior-subordinate communication. This article focuses on empirical research solely in the domain of organizationa l communication. To avoid generalizations from communication research outside of the orga