Clinical Infectious Diseases · 2004 · 350 citations · 65 references
Veterinary MedicineInfectious Disease ControlInfectious DiseasesFood SafetyInfectious Disease EpidemiologyOutbreak InvestigationFood ContaminantsFood ContaminationFood Safety HazardsFoodborne InfectionsFoodborne PathogensViral HepatitisContaminated Food TransmissionControl Measures EvaluationDirect Contact TransmissionFecal-oral TransmissionHepatitis A Virus InfectionPreventive Control MeasuresViral Hepatitis TransmissionWaterborne Contamination
Hepatitis A is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an HAV-infected person or by ingestion of HAV-contaminated food or water. Foodborne or waterborne hepatitis A outbreaks are relatively uncommon in the United States. However, food handlers with hepatitis A are frequently identified, and evaluation of the need for immunoprophylaxis and implementation of control measures are a considerable burden on public health resources. In addition, HAV-contaminated food may be the source of hepatitis A for an unknown proportion of persons whose source of infection is not identified.
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A Multistate, Foodborne Outbreak of Hepatitis A
Yvan Hutin, Vitali Pool, Elaine H. Cramer et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 1999 · 389 citations · Full text