IRE Transactions on Communications Systems · 1980 · 813 citations · 3 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringAnalog ElectronicsDigital Logic DesignTiming AnalysisCharge Pump CircuitsCharge Pump DesignCharge PumpsDigital Logic CircuitsPhase-locked Loop DesignPhase-locked LoopsPhase-locked OscillatorsSalient Feature Identification
Phase/frequency detectors deliver output in the form of three-state, digital logic. Charge pumps are utilized to convert the timed logic levels into analog quantities for controlling the locked oscillators. This paper analyzes typical charge-pump circuits, identifies salient features, and provides equations and graphs for the design engineer.
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Digital and sampled-data control systems
Y.H. Ku, D. W. C. Shen · Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1960 · 256 citations
A digital phase and frequency-sensitive detector
John Brown · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1971 · 22 citations