Journal of Lightwave Technology · 1984 · 37 citations · 13 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringMaterials ScienceOpticsOptoelectronicsPhotonicsDirectional CouplersOptical FibersOptical SwitchingOptical WaveguidesPolarization OpticsWaveguidesFiber-optic SwitchesInsertion LossInsertion Loss ReductionOptical CouplersOptical SwitchesPhotonic SwitchesWaveguide DesignWaveguide Loss
Polarization-independent single-mode optical cross points with low loss have been fabricated for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 1.3-\mu</tex> m wavelength. Waveguide design, coupling strength equalization for the two polarizations, fabrication tolerances, and the performance of several Ti:LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> directional-coupler switches are presented. Two 2 × 2 switches have been made with fiber pigtails. The switches have an insertion loss of ∼3- and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim-14</tex> -dB crosstalk isolation with a 70-V operating voltage. A 4 × 3 switch had similar performance but higher insertion loss.
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Electrically switched optical directional coupler: Cobra
M. Papuchon, Y. Combemale, X. Mathieu et al. · Applied Physics Letters · 1975 · 215 citations