Administrative Science Quarterly · 1999 · 3K citations · 91 references
ManagementOrganization StudiesOrganizational BehaviorGroup DynamicsGroup ProcessesTeamworkDiversityGroup ConflictGroup DiversityOrganizational ConflictTeam ConflictTeam DiversityCognitive PerformanceDiversity In Small GroupsDiversity-related ConflictEmotional ConflictIntragroup DiversityTeam Diversity DynamicsTenure DiversityWork Group Performance
The study develops an integrative model linking work‑group diversity, conflict, and performance. The model is empirically tested with data from 45 teams. Results show that diversity shapes conflict—functional background diversity drives task conflict, while race, tenure, and age diversity influence emotional conflict—and that conflict, in turn, affects performance, with task conflict improving cognitive performance more than emotional conflict, highlighting a complex relationship moderated by task routineness and group longevity.
In this paper we present an integrative model of the relationships among diversity, conflict, and performance, and we test that model with a sample of 45 teams. Findings show that diversity shapes conflict and that conflict, in turn, shapes performance, but these linkages have subtleties. Functional background diversity drives task conflict, but multiple types of diversity drive emotional conflict. Race and tenure diversity are positively associated with emotional conflict, while age diversity is negatively associated with such conflict. Task routineness and group longevity moderate these relationships. Results further show that task conflict has more favorable effects on cognitive task performance than does emotional conflict. Overall, these patterns suggest a complex link between work group diversity and work group functioning.
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Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 1994 · 46.5K citations
A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
Léon Festinger · Human Relations · 1954 · 20.3K citations