The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students

TLDR

In most educational programs, a substantial proportion of teacher and student time is devoted to activities that involve or lead directly to teacher evaluation of student products or behavior. The review summarizes findings from 14 research fields on how classroom evaluation practices affect student learning strategies, motivation, and achievement. The authors suggest mechanisms for the observed effects and integrate conclusions from individual fields to provide actionable guidance for effective practice. Classroom evaluation exerts powerful direct and indirect effects that can be positive or negative, underscoring the need for careful planning and implementation.

Abstract

In most educational programs, a substantial proportion of teacher and student time is devoted to activities which involve (or lead directly to) evaluation by the teacher of student products or behavior. This review summarizes results from 14 specific fields of research that cast light on the relationships between classroom evaluation practices and student outcomes. Particular attention is given to outcomes involving learning strategies, motivation, and achievement. Where possible, mechanisms are suggested that could account for the reported effects. The conclusions derived from the individual fields are then merged to produce an integrated summary with clear implications for effective educational practice. The primary conclusion is that classroom evaluation has powerful direct and indirect impacts, which may be positive or negative, and thus deserves very thoughtful planning and implementation.