The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus)

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) was incorporated into diets (0 (control group), 0.5 and 1 g/kg (test groups)) of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. The fish initial weight was 25.5 ± 1.0 g (mean ± SD) with no significant size difference among the treatments. Innate immune response responses were evaluated for 2 to 4 weeks. Total leucocyte count, respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and lysozyme activity were enhanced in garlic 0.5 g/kg treated groups compared to the control group after 4 weeks. Fish fed with garlic supplemented diets at 0.5 g/kg showed decreased on weight gain at 2 and 4 weeks as compared to those fed with control diet.   Key words: Hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus, juvenile, garlic, Allium sativum, innate immune response.