Norwegian experiences with tendered buss services

Abstract

Competitive tendering of local public transport services has been allowed in Norway since 1994. By
\n2005, 28 percent of all route production in Norway was procured on the basis of tendered contracts,
\ncovering around 40 percent of all passengers. The majority of the tendered contracts were gross cost
\ncontracts, whereas historically, most Norwegian contracts have been net cost contracts. This article
\nanalyses the effect of competitive tendering on operating cost and subsidies paid. It is found that
\ncompetitive tendering reduces costs by 10 percent and that most of the cost reduction has been used to
\nreduce subsidies for public transport by local authorities. The effects of competitive tendering in Norway
\nare smaller compared to other countries. This can be attributed to the fact that the industry had improved
\nefficiency over a long period before competitive tendering was introduced.