Micromachining for optical and optoelectronic systems

TLDR

Micromachining technology enables new optical and optoelectronic systems by extending device functionality, miniaturizing components, and allowing monolithic integration of movable structures, microactuators, and microoptical elements on a single substrate. This paper reviews recent advances in the fast‑emerging field of micromachining for optical and optoelectronic systems. The review covers bulk and surface micromachining techniques, introduces free‑space microoptical benches and optical prealignment, and describes micromachined devices such as low‑loss optical switches, low‑cost modulators, micromechanical scanners, and XYZ micropositioners with large travel and fine accuracy. Monolithically integrated systems, including single‑chip optical disk pickup heads and a femtosecond autocorrelator, have been demonstrated.

Abstract

Micromachining technology opens up many new opportunities for optical and optoelectronic systems. It offers unprecedented capabilities in extending the functionality of optical devices and the miniaturization of optical systems. Movable structures, microactuators, and microoptical elements can be monolithically integrated on the same substrate using batch processing technologies. In this paper, we review the recent advances in this fast-emerging field. The basic bulk- and surface-micromachining technologies applicable to optical systems are reviewed. The free-space microoptical bench and the concept of optical prealignment are introduced. Examples of micromachined optical devices are described, including optical switches with low loss and high contract ratio, low-cost modulators, micromechanical scanners, and the XYZ micropositioners with large travel distance and fine positioning accuracy. Monolithically integrated systems such as single-chip optical disk pickup heads and a femtosecond autocorrelator have also been demonstrated.