VIP down-regulates TLR4 expression and TLR4-mediated chemokine production in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts

Abstract

We demonstrate that VIP down-regulates LPS and TNF-alpha activation of TLR4 expression and the TLR4 functional response in terms of proinflammatory chemokine production. These studies suggest that the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory actions of VIP involve inhibitory effects on TLR4 expression and signalling.