Review of Educational Research · 2015 · 297 citations · 128 references
EducationEducational PsychologyPhysical EducationBehavior Change TheoryCausal InferencePhysical ActivityExtrinsic MotivationIntrinsic MotivationMotivationMotivation In LearningTheory Of Planned BehaviorCausal OrderingExercise IntentionMotivational ModelingMotivational VariablesPredictive Hypotheses
The trans-contextual model outlines the processes by which autonomous motivation toward activities in a physical education context predicts autonomous motivation toward physical activity outside of school, and beliefs about, intentions toward, and actual engagement in, out-of-school physical activity. In the present article, we clarify the fundamental propositions of the model and resolve some outstanding conceptual issues, including its generalizability across multiple educational domains, criteria for its rejection or failed replication, the role of belief-based antecedents of intentions, and the causal ordering of its constructs. We also evaluate the consistency of model relationships in previous tests of the model using path-analytic meta-analysis. The analysis supported model hypotheses but identified substantial heterogeneity in the hypothesized relationships across studies unattributed to sampling and measurement error. Based on our meta-analysis, future research needs to provide further replications of the model in diverse educational settings beyond physical education and test model hypotheses using experimental methods.
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The theory of planned behavior
Icek Ajzen · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · 1991 · 84.8K citations
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Julian P. T. Higgins, Simon G. Thompson · Statistics in Medicine · 2002 · 36.7K citations