Journal of Lightwave Technology · 1995 · 132 citations · 13 references
EngineeringMaterials SciencePhysicsOpticsOptoelectronicsPhotonicsModulationOptical ModulationOptical ModulatorsOptical Thin FilmsOptical WaveguidesBandwidthBroadband ModulationElectro-optic ModulatorsIntensity ModulatorsMicrowave Impedance MatchingModulation BandwidthModulator DesignPropagation Loss
We describe the design, fabrication, and characteristics of a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator with a ridge structure. The structure keeps microwave propagation loss low and enables a large interaction between microwaves and optical waves under the conditions of velocity-matching and impedance matching, resulting in a large modulation bandwidth and low driving voltage. Using this structure, we have developed an optical intensity modulator with an optical 3-dB bandwidth of 75 GHz and a driving voltage of 5.0 V at a wavelength of 1.5 /spl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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40 GHz, low half-wave voltage Ti:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> intensity modulator
Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, C. H. Bulmer, W. K. Burns et al. · Electronics Letters · 1992 · 104 citations