Structure of the Mycosin-1 Protease from the Mycobacterial ESX-1 Protein Type VII Secretion System

Abstract

Mycobacteria use specialized type VII (ESX) secretion systems to export proteins across their complex cell walls. Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes five nonredundant ESX secretion systems, with ESX-1 being particularly important to disease progression. All ESX loci encode extracellular membrane-bound proteases called mycosins (MycP) that are essential to secretion and have been shown to be involved in processing of type VII-exported proteins. Here, we report the first x-ray crystallographic structure of MycP1(24–407) to 1.86 Å, defining a subtilisin-like fold with a unique N-terminal extension previously proposed to function as a propeptide for regulation of enzyme activity. The structure reveals that this N-terminal extension shows no structural similarity to previously characterized protease propeptides and instead wraps intimately around the catalytic domain where, tethered by a disulfide bond, it forms additional interactions with a unique extended loop that protrudes from the catalytic core. We also show MycP1 cleaves the ESX-1 secreted protein EspB from both M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis at a homologous cut site in vitro . Background: The mycosin-1 protease (MycP1) is essential for export and cleavage of the type VII-secreted virulence-associated proteins involved in pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related species. Results: The x-ray structure of MycP1, with its proposed propeptide, is described. Conclusion: The proposed propeptide wraps around the perimeter of a subtilisin-like fold, leaving the catalytic center unobstructed. Significance: MycP1 may operate through a novel mode of regulation.