2004 · 56 citations · 7 references
ComputingComputer ScienceRobotics EngineeringArtificial IntelligenceMemoryRoboticsAutonomous ExplorationDeep LearningPolicy LearningReinforcement LearningSequence LearningExplorationExploration Under Partial ObservabilityOffline Reinforcement LearningPartial ObservabilityPartial Observability ModelsReinforcementReinforcement Learning For Robotics
It is difficult to apply traditional reinforcement learning algorithms to robots, due to problems with large and continuous domains, partial observability, and limited numbers of learning experiences. This paper deals with these problems by combining: (1) reinforcement learning with memory, implemented using an LSTM recurrent neural network whose inputs are discrete events extracted from raw inputs; (2) online exploration and offline policy learning. An experiment with a real robot demonstrates the methodology's feasibility.
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Sepp Hochreiter, Jürgen Schmidhuber · Neural Computation · 1997 · 98.1K citations
Reinforcement Learning with Long Short-Term Memory
Bram Bakker · 2001 · 195 citations