X-ray-induced radiophotodynamic therapy (RPDT) using lanthanide micelles: Beyond depth limitations

Abstract

We report lanthanide-based micelles integrating hypericin (Hyp) for X-ray-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT). The lanthanide luminescence induced by X-ray irradiation excites the photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of singlet oxygen. This versatile approach can be extended to other photosensitizers or other types of liponanoparticles and can allow for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance.