How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations

TLDR

Telling people that a consumer claim is false can make them misremember it as true. This unintended effect of repetition comes from increased familiarity with the claim itself, but decreased recollection of the claim's original context. Older adults are especially prone to the illusion of truth, with repeated false labeling initially reducing false recall but after three days increasing true recall, highlighting how repetition can distort memory over time.

Abstract

Telling people that a consumer claim is false can make them misremember it as true. In two experiments older adults were especially susceptible to this illusion of truth effect. Repeatedly identifying a claim as false helped older adults remember it as false in the short term, but paradoxically made them more likely to remember it as true after a three-day delay. This unintended effect of repetition comes from increased familiarity with the claim itself, but decreased recollection of the claim's original context. Findings provide insight into susceptibility over time to memory distortions and exploitation via repetition of claims in media and advertising.