The effect of inoculum age and solid versus liquid propagation on inoculum quality of an industrial<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>strain

Abstract

Shorter lag phases were obtained in cultivations of Bacillus licheniformis using early-compared to late-stationary growth phase inocula and using liquid versus solid propagation medium. Flow cytometry and fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy (FRIM) after staining with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE), confirmed that liquid early-stationary growth phase inoculum had a higher vitality and was more homogeneous than solid late-stationary growth phase inoculum. DNA-microarray analyses indicated that liquid early-stationary growth phase inoculum was in a more active state in terms of cell multiplication whereas solid late-stationary growth phase inoculum was induced to some spore formation potentially causing delayed growth initiation.