A general framework for analysing diversity in science, technology and society

TLDR

The paper proposes an integrated framework to analyze diversity in science, technology, and society by identifying three essential but individually insufficient properties. Based on ten quality criteria, it introduces a general quantitative non‑parametric diversity heuristic that allows systematic exploration of diversity under varying attribute concepts and weightings. The heuristic demonstrates how to trade off diversity with other concerns, such as portfolio interactions, and provides a systematic, transparent approach to managing scientific and technological diversity in fields ranging from conservation to energy policy and sustainable innovation.

Abstract

This paper addresses the scope for more integrated general analysis of diversity in science, technology and society. It proposes a framework recognizing three necessary but individually insufficient properties of diversity. Based on 10 quality criteria, it suggests a general quantitative non-parametric diversity heuristic. This allows the systematic exploration of diversity under different perspectives, including divergent conceptions of relevant attributes and contrasting weightings on different diversity properties. It is shown how this heuristic may be used to explore different possible trade-offs between diversity and other aspects of interest, including portfolio interactions. The resulting approach offers a way to be more systematic and transparent in the treatment of scientific and technological diversity in a range of fields, including conservation management, research governance, energy policy and sustainable innovation.