Crime & Delinquency · 1999 · 359 citations · 20 references
Social SciencesCriminologySociologyDiscriminationPolicingPrejudiceClass StereotypesCriminal JusticePolice-citizen RelationsRacial StereotypesRacismSocial ClassCriminal Justice DiscriminationCriminal Justice DisparitiesCriminal Justice PoliticsPerceptions Of Police FairnessPolice BiasPolice DiscriminationRace Disparities In PolicingSocial Class Stereotyping
Previous research has shown that Blacks are more likely than Whites to hold unfavorable opinions of criminal justice agencies in America, but the literature has rarely examined whether social class also affects these opinions. Using recent national survey data on perceptions of racial discrimination by the police and the criminal justice system, this study examines the effects of race and class on citizen attitudes. The findings indicate that (1) race is a strong predictor of attitudes and (2) class affects several of these views. An important finding is that middle-class Blacks are sometimes more critical of the police and justice system than are lower-class Blacks.
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Living with racism: the black middle-class experience
Choice Reviews Online · 1994 · 1.1K citations
The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior
Douglas A. Smith · Crime and Justice · 1986 · 525 citations
Global and specific attitudes toward the police: Disentangling the relationship
Steven G. Brandl, James Frank, Robert E. Worden et al. · Justice Quarterly · 1994 · 345 citations
Social Sciences, Sociology, Policing +12