Racism is a complex socio-historical phenomenon and a critical field of academic inquiry dedicated to understanding the formation, maintenance, and impact of systems of power and domination structured by the social construct of 'race'. This research concept investigates the ideologies, practices, and institutional arrangements that produce and perpetuate racial inequality, exploring their historical origins, systemic nature, and profound consequences for individuals and societies. Key characteristics of this concept include its focus on power relations, the social construction of racial categories, and the systemic nature of racial disparities across various domains such as law, economy, education, and health. Its significance lies in providing theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence necessary for analyzing social stratification, understanding historical and contemporary forms of oppression, and informing interventions aimed at achieving racial justice.