Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential.

Abstract

In this article we explain different conceptions of flexible and adaptive leadership and the reasons why such leadership is essential in today’s organizations. Then we briefly describe several streams of research that provide useful knowledge about flexible and adaptive leadership. It was not feasible to provide a comprehensive and detailed review for each research stream, but we describe the primary research methods, summarize major findings, and provide some practical guidelines for leaders on how to become more flexible and adaptive. Finally, we point out limitations of the available research and make recommendations for future research.