Red‐Headed Woodpecker Nest‐Habitat Thresholds in Restored Savannas

Abstract

Abstract: The red‐headed woodpecker ( Melanerpes erythrocephalus ) is a widespread, adaptable species that continues to decline across North America. We examined stand, nest‐tree, and cavity characteristics of red‐headed woodpeckers in restored savannas within the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, Wisconsin, USA, during 2002 and 2003. Based on availability, red‐headed woodpeckers selected snags and trees with greater dead limb length. Red‐headed woodpeckers nested in areas with greater basal area, cavity density, snag density, limb‐tree density, and total dead limb length. Red‐headed woodpeckers exhibited a decadent‐tree threshold that was most accurately measured by the number of trees with dead limbs around (0.04 ha) nests. We found that the probability of a red‐headed woodpecker nest being present greatly increased above the decadent‐tree threshold. Woodland managers throughout the red‐headed woodpecker's extensive breeding range can use our results and recommendations to guide decadent‐tree retention for this species.