American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · 1993 · 43 citations · 13 references
EducationEducational PsychologyHuman DevelopmentChild DevelopmentFamily DevelopmentFamily StudiesAcademic FunctioningParent InvolvementParent-child InteractionParental InvestmentParental ParticipationParentingAcademic ExpectationsExpectationsFather Involvement In EducationParental Educational ExpectationsPaternal InfluencesPaternal InvestmentPaternal ParentingPaternal Participation
An 11-year follow-up study explored the effects of paternal involvement in child rearing and maternal employment in prior years on grades and educational expectations of a group of white, middle-class adolescents from intact families. Past maternal employment was found to be a more powerful predictor of children's academic performance and expectations than was amount of father involvement. Part-time maternal employment appeared to be optimal for children's academic expectations.
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